ANZCA Primary interactive diagrams

Dermatomes & myotomes — Describe the anatomy of the vertebral column, spinal cord and meninges relevant to the performance of central neuraxial block with appropriate surface markings.

Dose-response curves — Define and explain dose-effect relationships of drugs with reference to: • Graded and quantal response • Therapeutic index • Potency and efficacy • Competitive and non-competitive antagonists • Partial agonists, mixed ag…

Dose-response curves — Describe efficacy and potency with reference to dose-response curves

PK compartment models — Explain the concept of pharmacokinetic modelling of single and multiple compartment models and define: • Half life • Clearance • Zero and first order kinetics • Volume of distribution • Bio-availability • Area under the …

Concentration–time curves & steady state — Describe drug absorption with reference to clinically utilised routes of administration

Concentration–time curves & steady state — Describe the mechanisms of drug clearance and how physiological and pathological disturbance may affect these

CYP450 inducer / inhibitor map — Describe the mechanisms of non-hepatic and hepatic metabolism of drugs including: • Phase 1 and phase 2 reactions • Hepatic extraction ratio and its significance • First pass effect • Enzyme induction and inhibition

Context-sensitive half-time + PK compartment models + Concentration–time curves & steady state — Explain and describe the clinical application of concepts related to intravenous and infusion kinetics including: • Effect-site and effect-site equilibration time • Concept of context sensitive half time • Calculation of…

CYP450 inducer / inhibitor map — Describe the mechanisms of drug interactions

Inhalational agent FA/FI uptake — Describe the uptake, distribution and elimination of inhalational anaesthetic agents and the factors which influence induction and recovery from inhalational anaesthesia including the: • Concepts of partition coefficient…

PK compartment models — Discuss the pharmacokinetics of IV anaesthetic and sedative agents, including: • Onset and offset • Clinical implications of differences between drugs

Context-sensitive half-time + PK compartment models — Outline the similarities and differences between commonly used Target Controlled Infusion (TCI) models

Mechanical ventilation modes — Describe different modes of mechanical ventilation and their physiological consequences

Lung + chest wall compliance (Campbell diagram) — Define compliance (static, dynamic and specific) and relate this to the elastic properties of the lung

Lung + chest wall compliance (Campbell diagram) — Describe the elastic properties of the chest wall and plot pressure-volume relationships of the lung, chest wall and the total respiratory system

Lung volumes & capacities — Describe lung volumes and capacities, their measurement and normal values

Oxygen cascade — atmosphere to mitochondrion — Describe dead space, its measurement and apply the Bohr equation and alveolar gas equation

Oxygen cascade — atmosphere to mitochondrion — Describe the composition of ideal alveolar and mixed expired gases

Oxygen cascade — atmosphere to mitochondrion — Describe the oxygen cascade

Oxygen cascade — atmosphere to mitochondrion — Describe the alveolar exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide

V/Q distribution (West / Riley) — Describe normal ventilation-perfusion matching

V/Q distribution (West / Riley) — Describe West’s zones of the lung

V/Q distribution (West / Riley) + Oxygen cascade — atmosphere to mitochondrion — Describe the shunt equation

V/Q distribution (West / Riley) — Discuss regional ventilation-perfusion inequalities and abnormalities, venous admixture, and the effect on oxygenation and carbon dioxide elimination

Oxyhaemoglobin dissociation curve + Oxygen cascade — atmosphere to mitochondrion — Discuss the carriage of oxygen in blood, the oxyhaemoglobin dissociation curve, oxygen stores in the blood and their clinical significance and implications

CO₂ dissociation curve (Haldane effect) — Discuss the carriage of carbon dioxide in blood, the carbon dioxide dissociation curve and their clinical significance and implications

Mechanical ventilation modes — Discuss the physiological consequences of intermittent positive pressure ventilation and positive end-expiratory pressure

Vasopressor & inotrope selector — Describe the mechanism of action and effects of sympathomimetic and anticholinergic drugs

Psychotropic receptor profiles & dopamine pathways — Outline clinically important drug interactions with the autonomic nervous system (e.g. tricyclic antidepressants, monoamine oxidase inhibitors)

Vasopressor & inotrope selector — With reference to the management of shock, describe the pharmacology of vasopressors and inotropes

ECG — coronary territories — Describe the anatomy of the heart including the coronary circulation and territories supplied

Wiggers diagram — cardiac cycle (animated) + Cardiac action potential — Describe the physiological basis of electrical activity and its relationship to mechanical events including the: • Ionic basis of automaticity • The normal and abnormal processes of cardiac excitation • Physiological bas…

Cardiac action potential — Describe the physiology of cardiac muscle and the mechanism of excitation contraction coupling

Ventricular pressure-volume loop + PV loop — valve lesions — Describe the events of the cardiac cycle using a Wiggers diagram and pressure-volume loop

Frank-Starling curve + PV loop — valve lesions — Discuss the factors that determine and control cardiac output and the implications for clinical practice including: • Preload, afterload and contractility • The Frank-Starling mechanism • Cardiac output and vascular func…

Mechanical ventilation modes — Discuss the cardiovascular responses to: • Changes in posture • Exercise • Valsalva manoeuvre • Positive pressure ventilation and PEEP • Pneumoperitoneum • Haemorrhage and hypovolaemia • Surgery and trauma

Cardiac action potential — Outline the physiological and pharmacological basis of classifying antiarrhythmic agents

Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system — Describe the pharmacology of • Glyceryl trinitrate • Sodium nitroprusside Outline the pharmacology of other antihypertensive agents

ECG — coronary territories — Outline the pharmacology of drugs used to manage myocardial ischaemia/infarction

Nephron + diuretic sites + Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system — Outline the pharmacology of drugs used to manage acute or chronic cardiac failure

Oxygen delivery & consumption (DO₂/VO₂) — Describe oxygen delivery and outline the use of indicators of tissue oxygenation (base deficit, lactate, mixed venous oxygen saturation) in resuscitation

Nephron + diuretic sites — Outline the functional anatomy of the nephron

Renal autoregulation (RBF + GFR vs MAP) + Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system + Acute kidney injury staging — Explain the physiology of renal blood flow

Starling capillary forces + Nephron + diuretic sites + Acute kidney injury staging — Describe glomerular filtration and tubular function

Renal autoregulation (RBF + GFR vs MAP) + Nephron + diuretic sites + Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system + Acute kidney injury staging — Explain the mechanisms involved in the regulation of renal function

Starling capillary forces + Renal autoregulation (RBF + GFR vs MAP) + Acute kidney injury staging — Describe the principles of measurement of glomerular filtration rate and renal blood flow

Nephron + diuretic sites + Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system + Acute kidney injury staging — Outline the endocrine functions of the kidney

Acute kidney injury staging — Describe the physiological effects and clinical assessment of renal dysfunction

Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system + Acute kidney injury staging — Explain the renal responses to hypovolaemia

Nephron + diuretic sites — Classify diuretics based on their site of action

Nephron + diuretic sites — Outline the pharmacology of diuretics

Sodium & water disorders + IV fluid composition — Describe the function, distribution and physiological importance of sodium, chloride, potassium, magnesium, calcium and phosphate ions

Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system + Sodium & water disorders + IV fluid composition — Describe the mechanisms involved in the maintenance of fluid and electrolyte balance

Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system + Sodium & water disorders + IV fluid composition — Describe the regulation of osmolality

Starling capillary forces — Outline the significance of oncotic pressure, colloid osmotic pressure and reflection coefficients

Sodium & water disorders + IV fluid composition — Describe the body fluid ‘compartments’ and the movement of fluid between compartments

Sodium & water disorders + IV fluid composition — Describe the chemical composition of crystalloids and colloids, and their use as volume replacement and maintenance fluid, including potential adverse effects

Davenport acid-base diagram + Anion gap and delta ratio + ABG interpretation algorithm — Describe the regulation of acid/base balance

Davenport acid-base diagram + Anion gap and delta ratio + ABG interpretation algorithm — Describe acid-base chemistry using the Henderson- Hasselbach equation and strong ion difference

Monro-Kellie intracranial volume + ICP curve — Discuss the factors determining intracranial pressure and its regulation

Cerebral autoregulation (CBF vs MAP / PaCO₂ / PaO₂) — Describe the regulation of cerebral blood flow, and factors leading to loss of autoregulation

Cerebral autoregulation (CBF vs MAP / PaCO₂ / PaO₂) + Monro-Kellie intracranial volume + ICP curve — Describe cerebral perfusion pressure

Psychotropic receptor profiles & dopamine pathways — Outline the pharmacology of drugs acting via effects on serotonin or serotonin receptors

Dose-response curves — Describe the actions of agonists, partial agonists, mixed agonist-antagonists and antagonists

Dermatomes & myotomes — Outline the dermatomal innervations

Dermatomes & myotomes — Outline the myotomal innervations

Train-of-four monitoring — Describe the adverse effects of neuromuscular blocking agents and factors that may modify responses to muscle relaxants

Glucose homeostasis — Explain the control of blood glucose

Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis — Outline control of secretion and the functions of: • Pituitary hormones • Thyroid hormones • Adrenocortical hormones • Adrenomedullary hormones

Glucose homeostasis — Outline the pharmacology of: • Insulin preparations • Oral hypoglycaemics

Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis + Glucose homeostasis — Outline the pharmacology of: • Thyroid hormone replacement and anti- thyroid drugs • Corticosteroids • Glucagon • Vasopressin and analogues

Iron homeostasis — Describe the physiological consequences of acute and chronic anaemia, including iron deficiency.

Coagulation cascade — Describe the physiology of haemostasis, including: • Coagulation • The role of platelets • Fibrinolysis

Coagulation cascade — Describe the methods for assessing coagulation, platelet function and fibrinolysis

Coagulation cascade — Describe the pharmacology of heparin and low molecular weight heparins including their side-effects

Coagulation cascade — Describe the pharmacology of warfarin and other anticoagulant drugs

Coagulation cascade — Describe methods to reverse the effect of warfarin and other anticoagulant drugs

Iron homeostasis — Outline the pharmacology of iron replacement

Complement cascade & hypersensitivity I–IV — Describe the immunology and pathophysiology of hypersensitivity reactions

Antimicrobial PK/PD targets — Describe the pharmacology of antimicrobial drugs used perioperatively, including their spectrum of activity.

Complement cascade & hypersensitivity I–IV — Describe the immunology and pathophysiology of anaphylaxis.

Glucose homeostasis — Outline glucose homeostasis in the neonate and explain the changes that occur with growth and development

Train-of-four monitoring — Describe the concept of depth of neuromuscular blockade and explain the use of neuromuscular monitoring

Capnography waveform interpreter — Describe the methods of measurement applicable to anaesthesia, including clinical utility, complications and sources of error in particular: • SI units • Measurement of volumes, flows, and pressures, including transducer…

Iron homeostasis