FRANZCOG interactive diagrams

Maternal adaptation to pregnancy + Nephron + diuretic sites — Maternal physiological adaptations in pregnancy — cardiovascular (CO ↑30–50%, peripheral vasodilation, BP nadir mid-trimester), haematological (physiological anaemia, hypercoagulability, platelet trends), renal (GFR ↑50%…

Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system — Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy — classification per ISSHP criteria (chronic hypertension, gestational hypertension, pre-eclampsia, eclampsia, superimposed pre-eclampsia); pathophysiology of placental maldevelopment;…

Glucose homeostasis — Maternal medical conditions complicating pregnancy — diabetes mellitus (GDM OGTT diagnosis, pre-existing type 1/2 insulin regimens), thyroid disorders (hypothyroidism TSH targets, Graves' disease, fetal effects of propyl…

Iron homeostasis — Haematological and thromboembolic disorders in pregnancy — iron-deficiency and haemolytic anaemias, sickle-cell disease, thalassaemia trait screening; immune thrombocytopenia (ITP vs HELLP vs TTP distinction); diagnosis …

Coagulation cascade + Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system — Specific drug classes in pregnancy — anticoagulants (LMWH dosing and monitoring, warfarin teratogenicity in first trimester, bridging strategies); antihypertensives (safety profile of methyldopa, labetalol, nifedipine; A…

CTG interpretation trainer — Be able to interpret tests of fetal well-being, including cardiotocography, ultrasound, Doppler studies, and biophysical assessment

Mechanism of normal labour — cardinal movements — Normal and abnormal labour progress — definition of active first-stage labour (cervical dilatation ≥6 cm with regular contractions); cervicogram and partograph use; diagnosis of failure to progress (dilatation <1 cm/hour…

CTG interpretation trainer — Intrapartum fetal surveillance — CTG interpretation using RANZCOG classification (normal/suspicious/pathological): baseline rate, variability, accelerations, decelerations (early, late, variable, prolonged); systematic R…

Mechanism of normal labour — cardinal movements — Malpresentation and malposition — occipitoposterior position (diagnosis on VE, Leopold manoeuvres; manual rotation vs rotational instrumental delivery; extended pushing time allowed); transverse lie (causes — placenta pr…

CTG interpretation trainer — Be able to perform and interpret fetal monitoring during labour and manage fetal heart rate abnormalities

Coagulation cascade + Acute kidney injury staging — Postpartum haemorrhage and coagulation disorders — primary PPH definition (≥500 mL vaginal birth, ≥1000 mL caesarean; any amount with haemodynamic compromise); 4 Ts aetiology and targeted management (Tone — oxytocin, erg…

Fetal circulation & transition at birth + Mechanical ventilation modes — Neonatal resuscitation and immediate assessment — Apgar scoring at 1 and 5 minutes (colour, tone, grimace, respirations, heart rate; threshold for intervention not score but individual signs); NRP algorithm (stimulation,…

Glucose homeostasis — Neonatal effects of maternal conditions and medications — neonate of a diabetic mother (macrosomia; hypoglycaemia — insulin clamp mechanism; polycythaemia — increased oxygen demand; hypocalcaemia; hypomagnesaemia; respir…

Fetal circulation & transition at birth — Be able to resuscitate a newborn baby, including rapid clinical assessment of neonatal asphyxia, external cardiac compression of neonate and use of bag and mask ventilation

Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system + Acute kidney injury staging — Pre-eclampsia, eclampsia, and HELLP syndrome in the acute setting — SOMANZ diagnostic criteria for severe features (BP ≥160/110, symptoms of severe PE); acute antihypertensive treatment (labetalol IV, hydralazine IV, nif…

Starling capillary forces — Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS), pulmonary and cardiovascular critical illness — OHSS: severe and critical classification (ESHRE criteria); pathophysiology (VEGF-mediated capillary leak); management (fluid balan…

V/Q distribution (West / Riley) — Pulmonary embolism, anaphylaxis, and cardiac arrest in the obstetric patient — massive pulmonary embolism (haemodynamic instability: tachycardia, hypotension, right heart strain on ECG; CTPA preferred for diagnosis in st…

Maternal adaptation to pregnancy — Systematic emergency team approach and haemodynamic monitoring in obstetric critical illness — emergency activation (crash call systems; team roles including recorder; documentation of times and interventions; structured…

Menstrual cycle & HPO axis — Oligomenorrhoea, amenorrhoea, and the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis — normal cycle physiology (GnRH pulse frequency, FSH/LH surge, folliculogenesis, corpus luteum lifespan); hypothalamic amenorrhoea (low BMI, exerc…

Menstrual cycle & HPO axis — Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) — ESHRE/ASRM 2023 International Evidence-based Guideline (Rotterdam criteria still diagnostic: 2 of 3: oligo/anovulation, hyperandrogenism clinical or biochemical, polycystic ovarian morp…

Menstrual cycle & HPO axis — Disorders of the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis and gonadal failure — hyperprolactinaemia (prolactinoma — microadenoma <10 mm vs macroadenoma ≥10 mm; dopamine agonist cabergoline 0.5 mg weekly — MRI monitoring; surg…

Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis — Androgen insensitivity, hyperandrogenism, and disorders of sex hormone synthesis — complete androgen insensitivity syndrome (CAIS: 46,XY, female external phenotype, absent or scanty pubic/axillary hair, primary amenorrho…

Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis — Endocrine causes of subfertility and thyroid/adrenal disorders in reproductive medicine — thyroid disease and fertility (hypothyroidism — TSH >4 mIU/L associated with reduced fecundity, miscarriage risk; levothyroxine su…

Fetal circulation & transition at birth — Describe placental physiology and maternofetal exchange including placental hormone production (hCG, hPL, progesterone, oestrogen), drug transfer principles (lipid solubility, ionisation, molecular weight, protein bindin…

Coagulation cascade — Venous thromboembolism prophylaxis in obstetrics and gynaecology — risk stratification tools (Caprini score for surgical patients; RCOG/RANZCOG antenatal VTE risk stratification — at least 3 risk factors or ≥4 medium-ris…

Spirometry — V-t + flow-volume loop + Glucose homeostasis — Preoperative assessment and management of medical comorbidities — preoperative assessment framework (history, examination, investigations guided by risk — NICE NG45 principles); ASA classification; cardiac risk assessmen…